{"id":17849,"date":"2025-11-20T13:15:04","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/?p=17849"},"modified":"2025-11-20T13:18:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:18:36","slug":"china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/","title":{"rendered":"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Russia and China\u2019s new gas project, Power of Siberia-2, could reshape global energy policy, strengthen Beijing\u2019s hand and leave Europe\u2019s gas market more exposed than before.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[249],"tags":[742,422,521,639],"class_list":["post-17849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-china","tag-energy","tag-europe","tag-russia"],"acf":{"postbuilder":[{"acf_fc_layout":"text","type":"text","text":"The memorandum signed in early September between Russia and China on the Power of Siberia-2 (PoS-2) pipeline marks a strategic shift in energy and geopolitics. Complementing the existing Power of Siberia-1, PoS-2 is expected to redirect around 100 billion cubic metres of Russian gas eastwards \u2013 reshaping China\u2019s bargaining position and potentially influencing Europe\u2019s liquefied natural gas (LNG) markets. This article examines what PoS-2 could realistically deliver in terms of flows, pricing and financing, and considers its implications for the European Union as well as potential policy responses relevant to Estonia.\r\n<h4><strong>PoS-2: what was agreed and what remains unresolved<\/strong><\/h4>\r\nThe political memorandum signed in September commits both parties to construct a pipeline that would channel gas from Western Siberia to northern China via Mongolia, with a planned annual capacity of around 50 billion cubic metres. At the same time, it was announced that the capacity of the modest Power of Siberia-1 pipeline would be raised to roughly 31\u201338 bcm in the near future, while throughput on the Far Eastern route from Sakhalin would increase from 10 bcm to 12 bcm per year. Gazprom described the document as legally binding at the project level but made clear that commercial terms \u2013 including the pricing formula, take-or-pay clauses, confirmed upstream field allocations and the financing package \u2013 remain subject to further negotiation.\r\n\r\nDespite the remaining uncertainty, the project is already reshaping the positions of others at the negotiating table. The memorandum secures a long-term option for China and will likely strengthen Beijing\u2019s position in price talks with LNG suppliers across the Atlantic. For Russia, PoS-2 offers a way to underscore its reliability as a major supplier and diversify export routes \u2013 although at the cost of deepening dependence on a single, extremely large buyer, introducing a structural asymmetry. It is also improbable that Russia will gain the same economic benefits from PoS-2 as it once did from exporting gas to the EU. The memorandum may thus confer strategic advantage on Beijing and strategic cost on Moscow: if pricing terms are unfavourable or China limits its offtake, political leverage could turn into economic vulnerability.","image":null,"align":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":17853},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","type":"text","text":"<h4><strong>Supply flows and LNG markets: one possible scenario<\/strong><\/h4>\r\nPoS-2\u2019s significance lies above all in its timing, as it is expected to come online just as China\u2019s long-term LNG contracts begin to expire. Between 2021 and 2024, Chinese companies secured long-term deliveries amounting to roughly 90 bcm of LNG, most of which will lapse around 2030\u20132033. PoS-2 is scheduled to start precisely then, giving Beijing the option to play LNG exporters off against Russia. This would strengthen China\u2019s bargaining power at a moment when it remains one of the world\u2019s largest gas importers. Decisions taken in Beijing during this period will shape not only Asian LNG prices but the entire global gas balance.\r\n\r\nA second key factor is the future of LNG supply. The LNG market is entering its third and easily its largest growth cycle. Qatar alone plans to raise production from today\u2019s 77 million tonnes to 142 million tonnes per year by 2030, with much of that future output still uncontracted \u2013 suggesting that significant volumes could reach the spot market.\r\n\r\nOne plausible scenario is that Qatar could deliberately saturate the spot market to undercut smaller competitors, sharply pushing down Asian LNG prices. Under certain circumstances, the European Union could indirectly benefit from such price declines \u2013 even if the gains originate in other regions.\r\n\r\nHowever, Qatar\u2019s strategy also risks severely disrupting the market before new capacity comes online, particularly if it coincides with market perceptions that China is exerting pressure around PoS-2. The combined effect could send powerful signals to LNG projects still awaiting final investment decisions this decade, causing investors to hesitate or even walk away, including from projects primarily intended to serve European buyers. This points to the realistic possibility that PoS-2\u2019s knock-on effects may directly influence the EU\u2019s supply security.","image":null,"align":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":17855},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","type":"text","text":"<h4><strong>Panda bonds, financing and the political-economic chain reaction<\/strong><\/h4>\r\nAmong the technical considerations surrounding gas supply contracts, financing is crucial yet often underestimated. Although the technical details of the Moscow\u2013Beijing gas arrangement remain undisclosed, speculation has grown over whether China might authorise extensive onshore renminbi issuance through so-called Panda bonds, to be used explicitly for the construction of PoS-2. If renminbi proceeds could then be converted into roubles via official exchange operations or robust market mechanisms, the project\u2019s financing model would shift substantially. This could deliver more predictable capital for construction, allow faster capacity deployment, strengthen China\u2019s leverage in price negotiations and potentially increase Chinese-centred debt exposure within the project\u2019s capital structure.\r\n\r\nQuantitatively, a plausible \u201ccritical mass\u201d for such an issuance would be in the tens of billions of RMB (roughly 20\u201360 billion RMB or 3\u20138 billion USD), aimed initially at direct PoS-2 financing. Fully replacing capital expenditures would require far more substantial programmes.\r\n\r\nYet considerable constraints and risks make large-scale change unlikely for now. China\u2019s domestic bond-market depth remains unproven for major Russia-linked issuances. Investor appetite \u2013 especially among insurers \u2013 may be limited by the threat of secondary sanctions. Converting renminbi into roubles at scale would require currency arrangements that expose both sides to legal and counterparty risk. And crucially, insurance, specialist contractors and pipeline expedition services still depend heavily on global enterprises; domestic alternatives exist but would consume time and capital.\r\n\r\nUltimately, the success of using Panda bonds would depend on issuance scale, currency-conversion mechanisms and the role of Chinese banks and insurers. If issuance remains small or its use ambiguous, its impact will be limited and largely symbolic. These constraints reduce the likelihood that Panda-based financing will meaningfully advance the project.","image":null,"align":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":17857},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","type":"text","text":"<h4><strong>Conclusion: what the EU \u2013 and Estonia \u2013 should keep in mind<\/strong><\/h4>\r\nAgainst a backdrop of geopolitical tension and rivalry, great-power energy behaviour is increasingly shaped by autonomy and regionalisation, with cooperation largely confined to like-minded partners. Meanwhile, LNG markets in the coming years are likely to be shaped by three key forces: the surge in global production capacity, China\u2019s growing market share and its deepening cooperation with Russia \u2013 especially if Panda bonds are deployed at scale.\r\n\r\nMarket participants may also move away from the US Henry Hub benchmark, favouring other pricing points, and may increasingly choose alternative regulatory frameworks such as English or Singaporean law. The combined effect could increase market polarisation, tighten Sino-Russian alignment and deepen the divergence between Asian and European markets.\r\n\r\nFor the European Union \u2013 and especially for Estonia \u2013 this means turning uncertainty into preparedness: reinforcing gas storage, preserving diversified supply channels and ensuring competitive pricing. Estonia\u2019s small gas market also opens a different opportunity: domestic demand could potentially be met through expanded biomethane production, while overall consumption could be moderated through energy-efficiency measures and further electrification backed by renewables.\r\n\r\nBut this alone will not suffice. In the near term, remaining demand will still need to be covered by LNG imports. Here Estonia\u2019s advantage lies in regional integration. Closer coordination with the other Baltic states and Finland would create the scale necessary for more competitive LNG cargo pricing. To fully realise this, legal and regulatory frameworks must be strengthened to support a functional joint Baltic-Finnish gas market. This would bolster Estonia\u2019s supply security against potential volatility while keeping energy costs manageable for end-users.","image":null,"align":""}],"related_authors":[{"author":14193,"position":"Energy security expert and lecturer at the TalTech Department of Law"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security - Trialoog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Russia and China\u2019s Power of Siberia-2 could reshape global energy policy, boost Beijing\u2019s leverage and leave Europe\u2019s gas market exposed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security - Trialoog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Russia and China\u2019s Power of Siberia-2 could reshape global energy policy, boost Beijing\u2019s leverage and leave Europe\u2019s gas market exposed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Trialoog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61555592234506\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-20T11:15:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-20T11:18:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1442\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"811\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Silver Tambur\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Silver Tambur\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Silver Tambur\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2f70fdeec4c9c0a05db1b0543eb1260a\"},\"headline\":\"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-20T11:15:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-20T11:18:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":12,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"china\",\"energy\",\"Europe\",\"Russia\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Opinion\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/\",\"name\":\"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security - Trialoog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-20T11:15:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-20T11:18:36+00:00\",\"description\":\"Russia and China\u2019s Power of Siberia-2 could reshape global energy policy, boost Beijing\u2019s leverage and leave Europe\u2019s gas market exposed.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg\",\"width\":1442,\"height\":811,\"caption\":\"Javad Keypour. Private collection.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Trialoog\",\"description\":\"Entrepreneurship and science portal\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Trialoog\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Tallinna Tehnika\u00fclikool\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/trialoog-logo-tumesinine-hall.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/trialoog-logo-tumesinine-hall.svg\",\"width\":342,\"height\":87,\"caption\":\"Tallinna Tehnika\u00fclikool\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=61555592234506\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/showcase\\\/trialoog-taltech\\\/about\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2f70fdeec4c9c0a05db1b0543eb1260a\",\"name\":\"Silver Tambur\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/40b9309c1def90113fb5bc6df705a86e5922a83690fd3130948e1989aea32af7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/40b9309c1def90113fb5bc6df705a86e5922a83690fd3130948e1989aea32af7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/40b9309c1def90113fb5bc6df705a86e5922a83690fd3130948e1989aea32af7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Silver Tambur\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trialoog.taltech.ee\\\/en\\\/author\\\/silver-tambur\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security - Trialoog","description":"Russia and China\u2019s Power of Siberia-2 could reshape global energy policy, boost Beijing\u2019s leverage and leave Europe\u2019s gas market exposed.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security - Trialoog","og_description":"Russia and China\u2019s Power of Siberia-2 could reshape global energy policy, boost Beijing\u2019s leverage and leave Europe\u2019s gas market exposed.","og_url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/","og_site_name":"Trialoog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61555592234506","article_published_time":"2025-11-20T11:15:04+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-11-20T11:18:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1442,"height":811,"url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Silver Tambur","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Silver Tambur","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/"},"author":{"name":"Silver Tambur","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/2f70fdeec4c9c0a05db1b0543eb1260a"},"headline":"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security","datePublished":"2025-11-20T11:15:04+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-20T11:18:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/"},"wordCount":12,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg","keywords":["china","energy","Europe","Russia"],"articleSection":["Opinion"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/","url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/","name":"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security - Trialoog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg","datePublished":"2025-11-20T11:15:04+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-20T11:18:36+00:00","description":"Russia and China\u2019s Power of Siberia-2 could reshape global energy policy, boost Beijing\u2019s leverage and leave Europe\u2019s gas market exposed.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/16645009t1h3800-1.jpeg","width":1442,"height":811,"caption":"Javad Keypour. Private collection."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/china-and-russias-power-of-siberia-2-gas-pipeline-could-jolt-europes-energy-market\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Javad Keypour: how Power of Siberia-2 could shake Europe\u2019s energy security"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/","name":"Trialoog","description":"Entrepreneurship and science portal","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Trialoog","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#organization","name":"Tallinna Tehnika\u00fclikool","url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/trialoog-logo-tumesinine-hall.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/trialoog-logo-tumesinine-hall.svg","width":342,"height":87,"caption":"Tallinna Tehnika\u00fclikool"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61555592234506","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/trialoog-taltech\/about\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/2f70fdeec4c9c0a05db1b0543eb1260a","name":"Silver Tambur","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/40b9309c1def90113fb5bc6df705a86e5922a83690fd3130948e1989aea32af7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/40b9309c1def90113fb5bc6df705a86e5922a83690fd3130948e1989aea32af7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/40b9309c1def90113fb5bc6df705a86e5922a83690fd3130948e1989aea32af7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Silver Tambur"},"url":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/author\/silver-tambur\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17849"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17864,"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17849\/revisions\/17864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trialoog.taltech.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}